Long-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Hind Limb Muscles, Gait and Pain in Lame Dogs with Borderline-to-Severe Hip Dysplasia-A Pilot Study.

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) on hind limb muscles, gait and pain in lame dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia. Ten lame client-owned dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia, aged from 1.5 to 9.0 years and weighing 14.5 to 53.0 kg, were enrolled. The WBV training program consisted of 15 min sessions three times weekly for 16 weeks. Muscles of the hind limbs were evaluated using measurements of thigh circumference, the cross-sectional thickness of selected hind limb muscles by ultrasound assessment, and vastus lateralis muscle activity determined by surface electromyography (EMG). Lameness and clinical signs of pain were assessed by visual lameness scoring, orthopedic examination and an owner-based questionnaire. Kinetic analysis was performed by using a pressure-sensitive walkway. Manual thigh circumference measurements of both hind limbs showed significant increases over the trial period with a greater degree of change observed after week 8. Ultrasound measurements of the left gluteal muscles and the quadriceps femoris muscles of both hind limbs showed significant increases in the cross-section thickness post WBV. Owner's perception of pain also showed a decrease in signs of pain at week 12 and week 16 compared to baseline. Based on graphs of the EMG activity patterns of the vastus lateralis muscle, 65% of the hind limbs had an improvement after 48 WBV sessions when compared to pre-session patterns. However, no significant differences were observed in visual lameness evaluation and kinetic analysis. Therefore, further studies will help to better clarify the role of WBV in canine rehabilitation protocols.

Use of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide or ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit's stifles. METHODS: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) - saline solution (0.9%); G2 - hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 - ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. RESULTS: Significant differences occurred: osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. CONCLUSIONS: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%).

Use of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide or ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbits

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit’s stifles.Methods: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) – saline solution (0.9%); G2 – hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 – ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. Results: Significant differences occurred: osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. Conclusions: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%).

Leucemia linfocítica b em cão jovem: relato de caso / B - lymphocytic leukemia in young dog: case report / Leucemia linfocítica b en perro joven: relato de caso

O presente relato teve como objetivo descrever um caso de leucemia linfocítica B em um cão da raça maltês, fêmea, com três anos de idade, demonstrando a metodologia de diagnóstico e a variação da patologia clínica após o tratamento exclusivamente por esplenectomia. A linfocitose acentuada observada no hemograma e presença proliferativa de linfócitos na medula óssea determinou a suspeita da leucemia linfocítica. A leucemia linfocítica B foi diagnosticada por meio da citologia aspirativa da medula óssea, imunocitoquímica e citometria de fluxo. O tratamento foi exclusivamente por esplenectomia e dois anos após a cirurgia o animal não apresentou recidiva da afecção.

This report aimed to describe a case of B lymphocytic leukemia in maltese female dog, three years old, demonstrating the methodology of diagnostic and variation of clinical pathology after treatment exclusively by splenectomy. The accentuate lymphocytes observed in blood counts and presence of proliferative lymphocytes in the bone marrow were determined to diagnostic of lymphocytic leukemia. The B lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The treatment was exclusively by splenectomy and two years after the surgery the animal showed no recurrence of the disease.

El objetivo de ese relato ha sido describir un caso de leucemia linfocítica B en un perro, raza maltés, hembra, de tres años, demostrando la metodología de diagnóstico y la variación de la patología clínica, después del tratamiento exclusivamente por esplenectomía. La linfocitosis aguda, observada en el hemograma, y la presencia de proliferación de linfocitos en la médula ósea, determinó la sospecha de leucemia linfocítica. La leucemia linfocítica B fue diagnosticada mediante la citología por aspiración de médula ósea, inmunocitoquímica y citometría de flujo. El tratamiento fue exclusivamente por esplenectomía y dos años después de la cirugía el animal no mostró recurrencia de la enfermedad.

Proteínas de fase aguda em cães e gatos / Acute-phase proteins in dogs and cats / Proteínas de fase aguda en perros y gatos

As proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) são um grupo de proteínas sanguíneas que apresentam alterações nas suas concentrações em animais acometidos por infecções, inflamações, trauma cirúrgico ou mesmo submetido ao estresse. São proteínas que alteram as suas concentrações em pelo menos 25% durante a inflamação. As PFA consistem em proteínas de fase aguda negativa e/ou positiva, diminuindo ou aumentando a sua concentração, respectivamente, em resposta a um estímulo inflamatório. Dentre as PFA negativas mais importantes estão a albumina e a transferina. As PFA positivas são a haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C-reativa (CRP), amiloide A-sérico (SAA), ceruloplasmina (Cp), fibrinogênio e a alfa 1 glicoproteina ácida(APG). As avaliações da concentração das PFA e proteínas totais propiciam subsídios para adequada interpretação do estado de hidratação, bem como de inflamação, infecção, doença imunomediada e alteração da síntese proteica. Sendo as PFA mediadores inflamatórios das respostas imunes agudas, e consideradas marcadoras das lesões teciduais na sua fase aguda nos animais, é importante realizar uma revisão sobre as PFA mais importantes e suas funções nos cães e gatos.

Acute-phase proteins (APP) are a group of blood proteins exhibiting changes in their concentrations in animals suffering from infections, inflammation, surgical trauma or even which have been subjected to stress. These proteins present at least 25% changes in their concentrations during inflammation. APPs consist of negative- and positive-phase proteins that can decrease or increase their concentration in response to an inflammatory stimulus. The most important negative APP are albumin and transferrin; and the most important positive APP are haptoglobin (Hp) , C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen and alpha 1 glycoprotein acid (AGP). APP concentration and total protein reviews provide information for proper interpretation of hydration status, as well as inflammation, infection, immune-mediated diseases and impaired protein synthesis. APPs are inflammatory mediators of acute immune responses and are considered markers for tissue damages in the acute phase in animals. Therefore, it is important to further review the most important APPs and their functions in dogs and cats.

Las proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) son un grupo de proteínas sanguíneas que presentan cambios en sus concentraciones en animales acometidos por infecciones, inflamaciones, trauma quirúrgico o mismo sometido a estrés. Son proteínas que alteran sus concentraciones de al menos 25 % durante la inflamación. Las PFA consisten en proteínas de fase aguda negativa y/o positiva, disminuyendo o aumentando su concentración, respectivamente, en respuesta a un estímulo inflamatorio. Entre las PFA negativas más importantes están la albúmina y la transferrina. Las PFA positivas son la haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C - reactiva (CRP), amiloideo A-sérico (SAA), ceruloplasmina (Cp), fibrinógeno y la alfa 1-glicoproteína ácida (APG). Las evaluaciones de la concentración de las PFA y proteínas totales proporcionan informaciones para la interpretación apropiada del estado de hidratación, así como de la inflamación, infección, enfermedad inmune-mediada y alteración de síntesis proteica. Siendo las PFA mediadores de respuestas inmunes inflamatorias agudas y consideradas marcadoras de lesiones tisulares en su fase aguda en los animales, es importante llevar a cabo una revisión sobre las PFA más importantes y sus funciones en los perros y gatos.

Proteínas de fase aguda em cães e gatos / Acute-phase proteins in dogs and cats / Proteínas de fase aguda en perros y gatos

As proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) são um grupo de proteínas sanguíneas que apresentam alterações nas suas concentrações em animais acometidos por infecções, inflamações, trauma cirúrgico ou mesmo submetido ao estresse. São proteínas que alteram as suas concentrações em pelo menos 25% durante a inflamação. As PFA consistem em proteínas de fase aguda negativa e/ou positiva, diminuindo ou aumentando a sua concentração, respectivamente, em resposta a um estímulo inflamatório. Dentre as PFA negativas mais importantes estão a albumina e a transferina. As PFA positivas são a haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C-reativa (CRP), amiloide A-sérico (SAA), ceruloplasmina (Cp), fibrinogênio e a alfa 1 glicoproteina ácida (APG). As avaliações da concentração das PFA e proteínas totais propiciam subsídios para adequada interpretação do estado de hidratação, bem como de inflamação, infecção, doença imunomediada e alteração da síntese proteica. Sendo as PFA mediadores inflamatórios das respostas imunes agudas, e consideradas marcadoras das lesões teciduais na sua fase aguda nos animais, é importante realizar uma revisão sobre as PFA mais importantes e suas funções nos cães e gatos.

Acute-phase proteins (APP) are a group of blood proteins exhibiting changes in their concentrations in animals suffering from infections, inflammation, surgical trauma or even which have been subjected to stress. These proteins present at least 25% changes in their concentrations during inflammation. APPs consist of negative- and positive-phase proteins that can decrease or increase their concentration in response to an inflammatory stimulus. The most important negative APP are albumin and transferrin; and the most important positive APP are haptoglobin (Hp) , C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen and alpha 1 glycoprotein acid (AGP). APP concentration and total protein reviews provide information for proper interpretation of hydration status, as well as inflammation, infection, immune-mediated diseases and impaired protein synthesis. APPs are inflammatory mediators of acute immune responses and are considered markers for tissue damages in the acute phase in animals. Therefore, it is important to further review the most important APPs and their functions in dogs and cats.

Las proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) son un grupo de proteínas sanguíneas que presentan cambios en sus concentraciones en animales acometidos por infecciones, inflamaciones, trauma quirúrgico o mismo sometido a estrés. Son proteínas que alteran sus concentraciones de al menos 25 % durante la inflamación. Las PFA consisten en proteínas de fase aguda negativa y/o positiva, disminuyendo o aumentando su concentración, respectivamente, en respuesta a un estímulo inflamatorio. Entre las PFA negativas más importantes están la albúmina y la transferrina. Las PFA positivas son la haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C - reactiva (CRP), amiloideo A-sérico (SAA), ceruloplasmina (Cp), fibrinógeno y la alfa 1-glicoproteína ácida (APG). Las evaluaciones de la concentración de las PFA y proteínas totales proporcionan informaciones para la interpretación apropiada del estado de hidratación, así como de la inflamación, infección, enfermedad inmune-mediada y alteración de síntesis proteica. Siendo las PFA mediadores de respuestas inmunes inflamatorias agudas y consideradas marcadoras de lesiones tisulares en su fase aguda en los animales, es importante llevar a cabo una revisión sobre las PFA más importantes y sus funciones en los perros y gatos.

Mel e açúcar mascavo na cicatrização de feridas / Honey and brown sugar in wounds healing

O estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia do mel e do açúcar mascavo na cicatrização de feridas induzidas cirurgicamente na pele de cobaias, para avaliar o tempo de cicatrização, as variações macroscópicas e microscópicas do tecido cicatricial, a contração das feridas e o grau de contaminação. Quinze cobaias da raça Abissínia, machos inteiros, de seis meses de idade e pesando entre 500 a 850 gramas, foram divididas em três grupos com cinco animais cada, nos quais foram induzidas, cirurgicamente, três feridas em cada animal com dimensão de 1,5cm² e distância entre elas de 1,5cm, na região dorsal. A ferida F1 foi tratada diariamente com mel, a ferida F2 com solução salina 0,9% (controle) e a ferida F3 com o açúcar mascavo. A eutanásia foi realizada no Grupo 1 ao sétimo dia após a cirurgia, no Grupo 2 ao décimo quarto dia e no Grupo 3 no vigésimo primeiro dia após a cirurgia, sendo as biópsias encaminhadas para avaliação histopatológica. Foram também realizados swabs das feridas em todos os grupos no terceiro e sétimo dias após a cirurgia e as amostras enviadas para a cultura e isolamento bacteriano. Concluiu-se que as feridas tratadas com o mel cicatrizaram mais rápido em relação às tratadas com o açúcar mascavo, demonstrando a maior propriedade cicatrizante do mel em relação ao açúcar mascavo.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of honey and brown sugar in wounds healing induced in the skin of guinea pigs, to evaluate the healing time, microscopic and macroscopic healing variations, wound contraction and contamination degree. Fifteen guinea pigs, Abyssinia breed, males, six months of age and weighing between 500 to 850 grams, were divided in three groups with five animals each. Three wounds were promoted in each animal, surgical, with 1.5cm² and 1.5cm between them, in the dorsal region. The F1 was treated, daily, with honey, F2 with saline solution 0,9% (control) and F3 with brown sugar. Euthanasia was performed in Group 1 on the seventh day after the surgery, Group 2 on the fourteenth day and the Group 3 on the twenty-first day after the surgery and the biopsies sent to histopathological evaluation. Wounds swabs were made in all groups on the third and seventh days after the surgery and the samples sent for culture and bacterial isolation. The wounds treated with honey healed faster than treated with brown sugar.